gudda bhaiya

(1) Principles and Legislation - Law Making Legislature, Executive and Judiciary, Principle of Utility, Operation of these Principles upon Legislation, Distinction between Morals and Legislation.  INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES-  Introduction, Meaning, Commencement, Operation and Repeal of Statutes, Purpose of Interpretation of Statutes Classification of Statutes. (2) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION- Primary Rules, Literal Rule, Golden Rule, Mischief Rule (Rule in the Hydon's Case) Rule of Harmonious Construction. Secondary Rules, Noscitur a Soclis, Ejusdem Generis, Reddendo Singula Singulis, Utres Magis Valeat Quam Pereat, Contemporanea Expositio est Fortissima in Lege. PRESUMPTIONS IN STATUTORY INTERPRETATION-  Presumption as to Jurisdiction, Presumption Against inconvenient or Absurd, Presumption Against Intending Injustice, Presumption Against Impairing Obligations or Permitting from One's Own Wrong, Prospective Operation of Statutes. (3) AIDS TO INTERPRETATION & MAXI

(A) INTRODUCTION: a) Definition and Concept of International Law, Object of International Law, Nature and Origin and development of International Law, b) Sources of International Law, Codification of International Law Relationship between international and Municipal law and difference between Public International law and Law of conflicts subjects of PIL. c) Relationship between international and Municipal law and difference between Public International law and Law of conflicts, subjects of Public International Law (B) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW a) State its nature, evolution, and criteria of statehood, Recognition of States and Governments, Meaning and theory of Recognition, Mode of Recognition and legal effects of Recognition, Acquisition and Loss of State Territory b) State Succession-Its kinds and Principles of State Succession, Effect of Succession, State Jurisdiction and State Responsibility, Nationality, Extradition, Asylum, Diplomatic Agents and Treaties C) Law of t

(INDIAN COMPANY ACT, 2013 (18th of 2013) WITH AMENDMENTS) (1) Introduction, History and Definition of Company, Registration of Corporate Entity, Corporate Veil, Company and Hindu undivided Family, company and Partnership, Club, Association of Persons, Advantages and Disadvantages of Incorporation, Kinds Companies and Application of the Act.   Interpretation and Definitions of Various Terms. (2) Formation of Companies, Promotion, Promotor and his Rights and Liabilities, Incorporation, Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, Doctrine of Ultra-Vires, Prospectus, Definition, Contents of Prospectus Punishment for Misrepresentation in the Prospectus, Members of the Company. Members and Shareholders and Public Trustees. (3) Share and Share Capital, Allotment of Share, Statutory Restriction on Allotment, General Principles as to Allotment, Company which cannot issue prospectus,, Irregular Allotment, Return as to Allotment, Issue of Share at Discount, Underwriting Commission, Bro

 Bnjndndmmdmmmmd

परिचय भारतीय नागरिक सुरक्षा संहिता 2023, जो 1 जुलाई, 2024 से लागू हो गई है, के अध्याय X में पत्नी, बच्चों और माता-पिता के भरण-पोषण के आदेशों से संबंधित प्रावधान दिए गए हैं। इस अध्याय की धारा 144 उन व्यक्तियों पर लागू होती है जो पर्याप्त साधन होने के बावजूद अपने परिवार के भरण-पोषण का दायित्व निभाने में विफल रहते हैं। इस धारा के अंतर्गत, प्रथम श्रेणी के मजिस्ट्रेट को ऐसे व्यक्ति को भरण-पोषण का आदेश देने का अधिकार दिया गया है। भारतीय नागरिक सुरक्षा संहिता 2023 की धारा 144 का उद्देश्य उन व्यक्तियों की भरण-पोषण की आवश्यकताओं को सुनिश्चित करना है, जो स्वयं का भरण-पोषण करने में असमर्थ हैं। यह धारा विशेष रूप से उन मामलों में सहायक है जहां पति, पिता या पुत्र अपने कर्तव्यों का पालन नहीं कर रहे हैं। इस धारा के तहत मजिस्ट्रेट को यह अधिकार दिया गया है कि वह ऐसे व्यक्तियों को भरण-पोषण भत्ता देने का आदेश दे और इस आदेश का पालन न करने पर आवश्यक दंड का प्रावधान करें। इस लेख में हम धारा 144 के प्रावधानों का सरल भाषा में विस्तृत विश्लेषण करेंगे। धारा 144 (1): भरण-पोषण का आदेश (Order of Maintenance) धारा

Sub :- This case is based on Section 2(c) of the Payment of Gratuity Act Facts of the case :- 1. Respondent No.2 was a teacher in a school run by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. 2. He demanded gratuity under the Minimum Wages Act. High Court :- The High Court dismissed the demand. Supreme Court:- The Court held that 'workman' has been defined under Section 2(e) of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. ' Workman' means any person including a trainee is also em- ployed in any industry to do any skilled or unskilled, manual, super- visory, technical or clerical work for fare or reward, whether the term of such employment are expressed or implied and they will all be known as workman who have been removed or discharged in connection with a dispute or as a result of dispute or who have been retrenched or the said dispute has arisen as a result of their removal, discharge or retrenchment. Whether an educational institution come under the category of an industry? The Court has k